Ultrasound scans are a routine and reassuring part of pregnancy care, offering invaluable insights into the development and well-being of your baby. Among these, the morphology scan, typically conducted between 18 to 22 weeks of gestation, stands out as a detailed examination of your baby’s anatomy. This guide provides comprehensive information about Morphology Scan Ultrasound Care, ensuring you are well-informed and prepared for this important prenatal assessment.
Understanding the Morphology Scan
A morphology scan, also known as an anomaly scan or a level 2 ultrasound, is a crucial antenatal ultrasound test performed during the second trimester. This detailed ultrasound utilizes sound waves to create images of your baby within the womb, allowing healthcare professionals to assess their growth and development meticulously. It is a standard component of prenatal care, recommended by doctors and midwives to monitor the progress of your pregnancy and the health of your baby.
While strongly advised, undergoing a morphology scan is ultimately your decision. Understanding its purpose and benefits will empower you to make an informed choice that aligns with your pregnancy journey.
This scan is instrumental in checking for any major physical abnormalities, also known as congenital anomalies or birth differences. By carefully examining various aspects of your baby’s anatomy, the morphology scan provides reassurance and, in some cases, early detection of conditions that may require further attention or planning.
Why is a Morphology Scan Necessary?
The morphology scan is strategically timed between 18 and 22 weeks because, by this stage, your baby has developed sufficiently for a thorough anatomical assessment. This ultrasound allows sonographers to visualize and evaluate numerous body parts and systems, including:
- Head and Brain: Assessing brain structures and head circumference.
- Spine: Examining the alignment and integrity of the spinal column.
- Abdominal Wall: Checking for any openings or defects in the abdominal wall.
- Heart: Evaluating the heart’s structure, chambers, and major blood vessels.
- Stomach: Confirming the presence and position of the stomach.
- Kidneys and Bladder: Assessing the development and function of the urinary system.
- Limbs: Examining arms, legs, hands, and feet for proper formation and structure.
Beyond your baby, the morphology scan also assesses vital aspects of your pregnancy environment:
- Placenta: Determining the placenta’s location and its relationship to the cervix.
- Umbilical Cord: Checking the number of vessels in the umbilical cord.
- Amniotic Fluid: Assessing the volume of amniotic fluid surrounding the baby, which is crucial for fetal well-being.
Furthermore, the morphology scan can reveal the number of babies in your uterus and, depending on the baby’s position, potentially determine the sex of your baby, if you wish to know.
This routine scan offers a safe and non-invasive method to gain comprehensive insights into your baby’s development and overall pregnancy health.
Limitations of the Morphology Scan
It’s important to understand that while the morphology scan is highly detailed, it is primarily a screening tool for structural anomalies. It is not designed to detect genetic problems such as Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities.
If there are concerns about genetic conditions based on family history, previous pregnancies, or other screening tests, your healthcare provider may recommend specific diagnostic tests like chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis. These tests are more invasive but provide definitive information about your baby’s genetic makeup.
Who Conducts the Morphology Scan?
Morphology scans are typically performed by trained ultrasound technicians called sonographers. These professionals specialize in obstetric sonography and have the expertise to acquire and interpret ultrasound images during pregnancy.
In some instances, particularly if there are complex findings or if a more detailed assessment is required, a specialist doctor, such as a perinatologist or radiologist, may also be involved in performing or reviewing the scan. This ensures that you receive the most comprehensive and accurate evaluation possible.
Preparing for Your Morphology Scan
Preparation for a morphology scan is usually minimal and straightforward. It’s beneficial to consider your reasons for having the scan and what information you hope to gain. Many parents-to-be find it helpful to bring their partner, a friend, or a family member for support and to share the experience.
Your doctor, midwife, or the ultrasound clinic will provide specific instructions for your appointment. Generally, you may be advised to:
- Wear loose, comfortable clothing: This allows easy access to your abdomen for the scan.
- Drink water beforehand: A full bladder, while not always necessary with modern ultrasound technology, can sometimes improve image clarity, especially in early scans. Follow the clinic’s specific instructions regarding bladder preparation.
What to Expect During the Scan
The morphology scan is a painless and non-invasive procedure that typically takes around 30 to 45 minutes. Here’s what you can expect:
- Gel Application: You will lie down on an examination table, and the sonographer will apply a clear, water-based gel to your abdomen. This gel helps to transmit the sound waves effectively.
- Transducer Use: The sonographer will use a handheld device called a transducer, gently moving it across your abdomen. The transducer emits sound waves that penetrate the body and reflect back from different tissues and organs.
- Image Generation: These echoes are processed by a computer to create real-time images of your baby on a monitor. You will likely be able to see your baby during the scan, which can be a very special and reassuring experience.
- Measurements and Assessment: The sonographer will take various measurements of your baby’s body parts to assess growth and development against expected gestational age. They will also carefully examine the structures mentioned earlier, such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. The baby’s heart rate and rhythm are also assessed.
Safety of Morphology Scans
Morphology scans are considered extremely safe for both you and your baby. Ultrasound technology utilizes sound waves, which are not harmful. Unlike X-rays or CT scans, there is no ionizing radiation involved.
There is no evidence to suggest that morphology scans increase the risk of miscarriage or cause any harm to your baby. They are a well-established and trusted part of routine prenatal care worldwide.
Receiving Your Morphology Scan Results
In most cases, the sonographer will be able to provide you with some initial findings during the scan itself. You may also be given images of your baby to take home.
A detailed report prepared by a radiologist (a specialist doctor who interprets medical images) will be sent to your doctor or midwife, usually within a few days. If the scan results are within the normal range, this is typically communicated at your next routine prenatal appointment.
If any potential abnormalities are detected during the morphology scan, your healthcare provider will contact you promptly to discuss the findings in detail.
Understanding Morphology Scan Results
The vast majority of morphology scans (around 98-99%) come back with reassuring results, indicating that your baby is developing as expected. However, in a small percentage of cases, the scan may identify a potential fetal anomaly.
If an anomaly is suspected, it’s important to remember that this is still a screening test. A suspected anomaly does not necessarily mean there is definitively a problem. It means further investigation is needed.
Further steps may include:
- Repeat Ultrasound: A follow-up ultrasound, possibly with a specialist in fetal medicine, may be recommended for a more detailed assessment.
- Diagnostic Testing: In some cases, diagnostic tests like amniocentesis or CVS may be offered to obtain more information, particularly if a chromosomal or genetic condition is suspected.
- Consultation with Specialists: You may be referred to other specialists, such as pediatric cardiologists or surgeons, depending on the nature of the suspected anomaly.
It’s crucial to discuss the results thoroughly with your doctor or midwife. They can explain the findings in detail, answer your questions, and guide you through any necessary next steps with sensitivity and care. Counseling services are also available to help you process the information and make informed decisions.
It’s also important to remember that even with a normal morphology scan, there is a small chance that some conditions might not be detected or may develop later in pregnancy. A normal scan provides significant reassurance but does not guarantee a birth entirely free from structural variations.
Cost of Morphology Scans
The cost of morphology scans can vary depending on your location, healthcare system, and insurance coverage. In many countries with universal healthcare systems, morphology scans are covered as part of routine prenatal care.
If you have private health insurance, check with your provider to understand your coverage for prenatal ultrasounds. It’s always advisable to discuss potential out-of-pocket costs with your doctor or the ultrasound clinic beforehand to avoid any unexpected expenses.
Bringing Your Partner or Support Person
Yes, you are highly encouraged to bring your partner, a family member, or a close friend to your morphology scan. Sharing this experience can be meaningful, allowing your support person to see the baby and hear important information firsthand. Having someone with you can also be emotionally supportive, especially when discussing the findings after the scan.
Is a Morphology Scan Mandatory?
No, a morphology scan is not mandatory. Prenatal care decisions are made jointly between you and your healthcare providers. You have the right to decline any test or procedure.
However, the morphology scan is a widely recommended and highly valuable component of prenatal care due to the significant information it provides about your baby’s health. Your doctor or midwife will offer detailed information about the scan, its benefits, and limitations, enabling you to make an informed decision that aligns with your personal preferences and values.
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
To ensure you are fully informed and comfortable, consider asking your doctor or midwife the following questions about the morphology scan:
- Why is this test being recommended for me?
- What exactly will be examined during the scan?
- Are there any risks associated with the morphology scan?
- How should I prepare for the scan?
- When and how will I receive the results?
- Who will explain the results to me?
- What are the next steps if an anomaly is suspected?
By proactively seeking information and engaging in open communication with your healthcare providers, you can navigate your morphology scan experience with confidence and peace of mind.
For further information on ultrasound scans and women’s health, you can visit reputable resources like radiology information websites or maternal health organizations. Speaking with your doctor or midwife remains your best resource for personalized advice and support throughout your pregnancy journey.
